Germany is weighing new restrictions on weapons deliveries to Israel following Israel’s escalating offensive in Gaza. During a visit to Finland, German Chancellor Friedrich Merz delivered his strongest criticism yet, saying that Israel’s “massive military strikes” were “no longer comprehensible” and questioning whether they served the goals of fighting terrorism or securing the release of hostages.
“We are appalled by the terrible suffering of the civilian population,” Merz said. He signaled Berlin would continue supporting Israel, but suggested its approach called for a reassessment, citing concerns about potential violations of international law.
“Germany must exercise greater restraint than any other country in the world in giving public advice to Israel,” Merz said. “But when borders are crossed, when international humanitarian law is really being violated, the German chancellor must also say something about it.”
How has German policy toward Israel changed?
Germany has long upheld a policy of “Staatsräson,” considering support for Israel a moral obligation stemming from the Holocaust. But Merz’s comments mark a significant shift away from traditional deference.
Prominent voices within Merz’s own center-right CDU, as well as from coalition partner SPD, are now openly questioning the continuation of arms exports to Israel.
CDU foreign policy lead Johann Wadephul and Vice Chancellor Lars Klingbeil have both called for further debate on arms export restrictions.
What is driving Germany’s shift in tone?
Public opinion in Germany is shifting amid images of devastation in Gaza, including bombed hospitals and starving children. A recent Civey poll found that 51% of Germans now oppose exporting weapons to Israel.
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A Civey poll found 51% of Germans now oppose weapons exports to Israel amid images of devastation and reports of blocked humanitarian aid.
Merz’s center-right CDU leads a governing coalition with the center-left SPD, whose leaders have voiced sharper criticism of Israeli actions.
Members of the governing coalition, including SPD foreign policy spokesman Adis Ahmetovic, have warned that continuing arms exports under current conditions could make Germany complicit in violations of international law.
Germany’s Commissioner for Antisemitism, Felix Klein, called for a review of Berlin’s Israel policy, arguing that Holocaust guilt cannot justify unchecked support.
Even Israel’s Ambassador to Germany, Ron Proctor, acknowledged the gravity of Merz’s remarks, saying, “When Friedrich Merz raises this criticism of Israel, we listen very carefully, because he is a friend.”
What’s next for German-Israeli relations?
So far, no formal decisions have been announced regarding a freeze or adjustment to arms shipments. German officials said the federal security council would make any changes. Merz plans to speak with Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week as tensions mount over Israel’s ongoing campaign and blockade of Gaza.
