NASA’s new pictures of rare interstellar comet come as it aims to unravel origins


Summary

New images

NASA released the latest images of a rare interstellar comet known as 3I/ATLAS.

A rare occurence

3I/ATLAS is one of only three interstellar comets confirmed to ever pass through Earth’s solar system.

Ongoing studies

Scientists are still working to determine the comet’s origins.


Full story

NASA revealed the latest close-up images on Wednesday of a rare interstellar comet known as 3I/ATLAS, which was named after the telescope in Chile that first spotted it, making a one-time journey through our solar system. One image shows the comet as it hurdles through space roughly 190 million miles away from Earth, which was reportedly captured from Manciano, Italy.

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Discovered months ago

3I/ATLAS, first discovered in July, has now been photographed a number of times. 

In August, cameras captured images of the comet as it was around 277 million miles away from Earth. About a month ago, photographs captured by a pair of Mars orbiters show the bright-tailed comet at an estimated distance of 18,641,135 miles away from the red planet.

Combined images from PUNCH when the comet was between 231-235 million miles from Earth.
PUNCH’s observations of comet 3I/ATLAS from Sept. 28 to Oct. 10, 2025, when the comet was between 231 million to 235 million miles from Earth. Each frame is a daily stacked image, made up of multiple observations taken of the comet on each day. Stars create streaks of light in the background as the comet moves across the sky. The bright object that appears near the comet in a couple of frames is the planet Mars. (NASA/Southwest Research Institute)

A rare pass-through

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The last interstellar comet discovered before 3I/ATLAS was 2I/Borsov in 2019. It was only the second confirmed interstellar object detected at the time.

According to NASA, 3I/ATLAS is only the third interstellar comet confirmed to pass through Earth’s planetary system. 

Astronomers say that the comet is visible from Earth just before dawn with the use of a telescope or binoculars, and it’s become a bit of a sensation, as noted by a NASA scientist.

“Everyone that is in control of a telescope wants to look at it because it’s a fascinating and rare opportunity,” NASA’s acting astrophysics director, Shawn Domagal-Goldman, told The Associated Press.

Closest approach to Earth comes in December

3I/ATLAS gets its closest to Earth during its pass through the solar system on Friday, Dec. 19, when it will come within roughly 170 million miles from our planet. That’s reportedly about twice the distance the Earth is from the sun.

NASA spacecraft will track the comet as it continues to move through the planetary system and crosses Jupiter’s orbit in spring of next year. 

The European Space Agency’s Juice Spacecraft, headed toward Jupiter, has reportedly been testing its cameras and equipment on 3I/ATLAS this month, particularly after the comet made its nearest pass to the sun. 

But astronomers note that the data obtained from its spacecraft won’t be available until February because Juice’s main antenna is being used as a heat shield while near the sun, which forces it to restrict the flow of energy used for data.

What scientists hope to gain from imagery

NASA scientists said they will eventually compare images of 3I/ATLAS to determine “the three dimensional structure of the comet” by viewing it through different angels “and how the comet’s dust scatters sunlight.” 

Researchers said that it is a rare chance to compare “ancient dust from a distant solar system to that from our own.”

A team of 20 NASA scientists are helping to track and study the comet as it travels through our planetary system.

How big is the comet and where did it come from?

Astronomers believe that 3I/ATLAS is anywhere from 1,444 feet across to 3.5 miles across. 

According to researchers observations, the comet is moving extremely fast and may have come from a star system older than our own, something NASA scientist Tom Statler said, gave him “goose bumps to think about.”

“That means that 3I/ATLAS is not just a window into another solar system, it’s a window into the deep past and so deep in the past that it predates even the formation of Earth and our sun,” Statler said.

NASA has dispelled rumors that the comet is of alien origin.

Alex Delia and Ally Heath contributed to this report.
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Why this story matters

The close observation and imaging of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS provides scientists a rare opportunity to study material from outside the solar system, yielding insights into planetary formation and cosmic history while addressing speculation about its origin.

Rare interstellar comet

3I/ATLAS is only the third confirmed object from another star system to pass through the solar system, allowing astronomers to directly observe and compare material formed around distant stars with local comets.

Scientific investigation and data

NASA and international agencies have coordinated observations from multiple spacecraft and telescopes to analyze the comet’s composition, behavior, and trajectory, contributing to the broader understanding of the origins of planetary bodies and the diversity of cosmic environments.

Public speculation and communication

Speculation online about the comet’s nature, including claims of potential alien technology, prompted NASA leaders to clarify that all evidence indicates a natural comet, highlighting the importance of transparent scientific communication in response to public interest.

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Debunking

NASA officials directly addressed speculation that the comet is an alien spacecraft, stating there is no scientific evidence supporting this claim and all data are consistent with known comet behavior.

History lesson

Prior interstellar objects 1I/‘Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov each spurred scientific campaigns and debates, but none received coordinated observation from as many missions as 3I/ATLAS. These cases show ongoing advancements in rapid cosmic detection and international collaboration.

Oppo research

Skeptical or contrarian voices, most notably Avi Loeb, argue for the possibility of alien technology based on observed anomalies. Most mainstream astronomers and NASA, however, strongly discount these views as unsubstantiated by current evidence.

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Bias comparison

  • Media outlets on the left frame the comet's visit with informal terms like "popping by," emphasizing NASA "cutting out the rumors" and "quashing a wave of online speculation" about alien ships.
  • Media outlets in the center generally debunk "unfounded 'alien' debate" but can still use engaging phrases like "really wants you to know."
  • Media outlets on the right sensationalizes with questions like "will they unveil evidence of alien origins?" and terms such as "alien spaceship" or "probe," often highlighting dissenting experts like Avi Loeb.

Media landscape

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177 total sources

Key points from the Left

  • NASA will release new images of the interstellar comet 3I/ATLAS on Nov. 19, gathered from its fleet of telescopes and spacecraft.
  • 3I/ATLAS, confirmed to be an interstellar comet, will make its closest approach to Earth on December 19, at a safe distance of about 170 million miles.
  • The comet was first identified in July by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System, or ATLAS, enriching our understanding of interstellar objects.
  • NASA stated that 3I/ATLAS behaves like a typical comet, dismissing conspiracy theories about it being an alien spacecraft.

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Key points from the Center

  • On Nov. 19, NASA unveiled close-up images of 3I/ATLAS during a livestream at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, showing it as a bright point with a fuzzy halo from Hubble and James Webb telescopes.
  • Discovered on July 1 by the ATLAS survey telescope in Chile, 3I/ATLAS is the third confirmed interstellar object, offering a rare chance to study planetary material from another star.
  • Measurements indicate comet 3I/ATLAS was imaged from 277 million miles by Hubble to 18 million miles by Mars orbiters, traveling from 137,000 to 153,000 miles per hour near perihelion.
  • At the press event, NASA said 3I/ATLAS looks like a comet with no technosignatures, will safely pass 167 million miles from Earth on December 19, and Dr. Nicky Fox said `We love that the world wondered along with us`.
  • Scientists plan to observe 3I/ATLAS after its Dec. 19 Earth pass, with further tracking in early December, as Tom Statler said, `It'd be fabulous if we could trace back the incoming trajectory of the solar system & but things are not quite so simple`.

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Key points from the Right

  • NASA has unveiled high-resolution images of comet 3I/ATLAS at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland on Nov. 19, 2025, at 3 p.m. EST.
  • The HiRISE camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has captured the clearest images of 3I/ATLAS to date, offering insights into its structure.
  • Astrophysicist Avi Loeb expressed hope that the images could reveal the comet's origins, calling for prioritization of science over bureaucracy.

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