Olympics may use genetic tests to keep trans athletes out of women’s events


Summary

IOC transgender policy

According to The Times, the International Olympic Committee is expected to announce a blanket ban on transgender women competing in women's Olympic sports.

Inclusion of DSD athletes

The policy will also include athletes with differences of sexual development (DSD), which covers conditions like Swyer syndrome.

Evolution of eligibility testing

Sports governing bodies, such as World Athletics and FIS, have begun using testing like cheek swabs, blood tests and tests for the Y chromosome to determine eligibility for female sports.


Full story

The International Olympic Committee is expected to announce a blanket ban on transgender women competing in women’s Olympic sports. Until now, the IOC has allowed transgender athletes to compete in women’s sports if they had reduced testosterone levels. 

Officials said they expect to make the decision early next year, according to The Times. They also said that the decision comes after a science-based review of what they described as permanent physical advantages of being born male.

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The committee’s medical and scientific director, Dr. Jane Thornton, presented initial findings of the review of transgender athletes and those with differences of sexual development (DSD) competing in women’s sports to IOC members last week. Those who attended told The Times that scientific evidence showed there were physical advantages to being born male that stayed with the athlete. They said the advantages stayed with athletes who took treatments to reduce testosterone. 

What would the ban include?

The Tokyo 2020 Olympics were the first games to feature an openly transgender athlete, New Zealand weightlifter Laurel Hubbard. Since then, no other openly transgender athlete has competed in the games.

The policy will include those who transition genders and those born with DSD. This would include Swyer syndrome, which causes people to have male-typical chromosome patterns but female external and internal genitalia. 

The decision to include DSD follows the controversy surrounding Algerian boxer Imane Khelif and Taiwanese boxer Lin Yu-ting during the 2024 Paris Olympics. Both won gold in their respective divisions, but the International Boxing Association disqualified both fighters after officials said they failed gender eligibility tests the previous year. 

The disqualification was also controversial since IBA officials never said what kind of testing the women failed. Khelif had also just defeated Russian boxer Azalia Amineva, who was previously unbeaten. This was notable since the IBA is Russian-led.

The IOC permitted both women to compete in the women’s division, as their passports identified them as female. Both athletes have always identified themselves as women and competed in the women’s division. 

Since then, the IBA has implemented mandatory sex testing and said Khelif would need to undergo testing if she wished to compete. 

New Zealand weightlifter Laurel Hubbard was the first openly transgender athlete to compete at the Olympics. 

The Tokyo 2020 Olympics were the first games to have an openly transgender woman compete. New 

According to The Times, IOC officials are ensuring the new policy is legally sound before it’s made official. 

President Donald Trump made transgender athletes in female sports a major point of his second presidential campaign and subsequent administration. In February, he signed an executive order banning transgender people from competing in any women’s sports. He said that would include the 2028 Los Angeles Olympics and that he would deny visas for transgender athletes trying to compete at the games.

How will the committee implement the rule?

The IOC could implement the rule like other sports governing bodies do, requiring this kind of testing. 

In September, World Athletics began testing all female athletes to determine their eligibility for female sports, which included undergoing a cheek swab and blood test. FIS, the skiing and snowboarding governing body, began conducting the same policy, using a test that identifies the Y chromosome found in men.

The IOC has not released its policy yet, so it’s difficult to predict how it would enforce it.

Cole Lauterbach (Managing Editor) and Chris Field (Executive Editor) contributed to this report.
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Why this story matters

The IOC's expected adoption of a blanket ban on transgender women in women's Olympic sports could reshape athlete eligibility criteria and intensifies debate around gender, fairness and inclusion within global sports competitions.

Olympic eligibility rules

Changes to IOC eligibility standards set important precedents for international sports bodies and directly affect which athletes can participate in the Olympics.

Gender and fairness in sports

The decision raises ongoing questions about how to balance fairness, inclusion and competitive advantages linked to biological sex and gender identity in athletics.

Impact on transgender and DSD athletes

A new policy could exclude transgender women and individuals with differences of sexual development from women's competition, altering opportunities for these athletes and sparking broader discussions on sports policies for diverse identities.

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Behind the numbers

Across the articles, experts note that even after hormone therapy, transgender women may retain 9-20% higher physical performance measures than cisgender women, such as muscle mass, bone density or VO2 max, impacting competitive fairness according to some researchers.

Community reaction

Advocates for women’s sports are largely supportive of the policy change, while LGBTQ+ organizations and human rights groups have expressed concern over exclusion and potential discrimination against transgender and DSD athletes.

Context corner

Historically, eligibility rules for women’s events have evolved, from chromosome testing in the 20th century to testosterone-based policies more recently. The debate reflects broader societal tensions around gender identity, fairness and inclusion in sport.

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Unbiased. Straight Facts.

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Certified balanced reporting

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Awarded a perfect reliability rating from NewsGuard

100/100

Welcome back to trustworthy journalism.

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Media landscape

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Key points from the Center

  • Last week, IOC director of health, medicine and science Dr. Jane Thornton presented an update incorporating a science-based review that found advantages for individuals born male.
  • IOC President Kirsty Coventry created the "Protection of the Female Category" working group last month to unite experts and international federations, reversing the IOC’s earlier approach of delegation to individual sports.
  • Several federations including World Athletics and World Aquatics already tightened rules, while boxing and athletics introduced mandatory SRY gene testing this year to verify biological sex.
  • If finalized, the move would mark a dramatic reversal of the IOC's previous inclusive framework and could exclude athletes with Differences of Sex Development at the Los Angeles Games.
  • Timing remains uncertain as the IOC working group continues discussions and approval could take six to 12 months, with reports saying an announcement may come days before the 2026 Winter Olympics on Feb. 6.

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Key points from the Right

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