Trump’s ‘Big, Beautiful Bill’ gets through Senate with VP Vance’s tie-breaking vote


Summary

Big Beautiful Bill approved

The Senate passed President Trump’s tax and budget package after Vice President JD Vance broke a tie.

Back to the House

The bill now heads back to the House for reapproval. Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., said they will act swiftly.

No guarantees

Fiscal conservatives say they don’t like the Senate’s changes and will demand it be changed again to earn their support.


Full story

The Senate passed President Donald Trump’s tax and budget package after Vice President JD Vance voted to break a tie. The final approval came after approximately 27 hours of voting on amendments that started the morning of Monday, June 30 and lasted until noon Tuesday, July 1. 

Fifty Republicans voted in favor of the package, every single Democrat opposed, along with three Republicans – Sens. Susan Collins of Maine, Thom Tillis of North Carolina, and Rand Paul of Kentucky.

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Here’s what the bill does

  • Renews Trump’s 2017 tax cuts, which were set to expire at the end of the year;
  • Increases the state and local tax deduction from $10,000 per year to $40,000;
  • Increases annual child tax credit to $2,200;
  • Provides Customs and Border Protection with $46.5 billion for the border wall and other infrastructure;
  • Gives $153 million to the military to build new ships and create missile defense systems;
  • Implements Medicaid work requirements for able bodied adults that don’t have children; and
  • Changes the Medicaid state-federal cost share system.

Republicans said the bill will save the federal government money, spur economic growth and create jobs. 

“The American people sent President Trump and Republican majorities to Washington with a clear mandate: secure the border, restore peace through strength and American energy dominance, and give working families and small businesses relief from the Biden economy,” Sen. Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., said in a statement. “Our votes today are a step toward fulfilling that duty.” 

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Democrats claim the bill will add $3.3 trillion to the national debt over 10 years, citing long-term tax cut extensions and federal spending shifts. Republicans dispute the figure, saying the bill will spur growth.

Democrats said the bill will cause millions of Americans to lose their health care coverage, cut jobs, and add $3.3 trillion to the national debt over the next decade. 

“Let’s make one thing clear – there is nothing ‘beautiful’ about slashing health care coverage for 17 million Americans all so President Trump can deliver a shiny tax cut to the wealthiest individuals and corporations,” Sen. Dick Durbin, D-Ill., said in a statement. “To make matters worse, Senate Republicans voted to close rural hospitals and take food off the table of millions of Americans, including children, seniors, and veterans, to pay for this outrageous giveaway.”

Where does the bill go next?

The package now heads back to the House of Representatives, where the chamber will need to approve it for a second time. The House already passed its own version on May 22 by a single vote, but because the Senate made changes, the House needs to approve it again. 

Republicans are working to pass the reconciliation package by July 4. A self-imposed deadline that appears unreachable based on Congress’ strict rules and procedures. 

Trump had been pressuring lawmakers to get it done by Independence Day but recently gave them some leeway. 

“It’s not the end-all,” Trump told reporters. “It can go longer, but we’d like to get it done by that time if possible.”

Fiscal hawks in the House have said they are not happy with some of the Senate’s changes. They are demanding the package be changed back to be more in line with the House’s original version.

Ally Heath (Senior Digital Producer) and Snorre Wik (Director of Photography/Non-Linear Editor) contributed to this report.
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Why this story matters

The Senate's passage of President Trump's tax and budget package, despite a divided vote and controversy over its provisions, has the potential to reshape U.S. fiscal policy, government spending, and social programs.

Partisan division

The legislation passed on a sharply divided vote with all Democrats and a few Republicans opposed, highlighting significant political polarization around major fiscal policy decisions.

Fiscal and economic impact

Supporters and critics offer contrasting projections, with Republicans claiming the bill will spur economic growth and reduce federal spending and Democrats warning it could increase the national debt and impact jobs and health coverage.

Social safety net changes

The bill includes provisions such as Medicaid work requirements and changes to the state-federal Medicaid cost share, which Democrats argue could result in reduced health care access for millions of Americans.

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Behind the numbers

The bill proposes $4.5 trillion in tax cuts, making permanent reductions from 2017 and adding new breaks, but offsets these with about $1.2 trillion in cuts to programs like Medicaid and SNAP. The Congressional Budget Office estimates nearly 12 million people could lose health insurance, and the federal deficit would increase by approximately $3.3 trillion over a decade.

Debunking

Claims that the legislation would pay for itself through economic growth are not supported by the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office, which projects significant increases in the federal deficit. Furthermore, multiple sources confirm the bill does not eliminate Medicaid coverage for all non-citizens, though it makes significant changes affecting eligibility and funding.

Policy impact

The legislation would transform federal support for low-income and vulnerable Americans by reducing Medicaid and SNAP funding, imposing stricter eligibility requirements, and reshaping funding for rural hospitals. At the same time, it would make major business and personal income tax cuts permanent, shift funding toward defense and security, and increase the federal debt ceiling by $5 trillion.

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Don’t just take our word for it.


Certified balanced reporting

According to media bias experts at AllSides

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Bias comparison

  • Media outlets on the left frame the Senate’s passage of Trump’s “mega” bill with skepticism and urgency, highlighting terms like “begrudgingly” and “controversial” to cast doubt on GOP unity and emphasize the bill’s harsh cuts to Medicaid and food assistance, depicting it as harmful to vulnerable Americans.
  • Media outlets in the center focus on the procedural hurdles, internal GOP divisions and uncertain timelines, using more neutral tones.
  • Media outlets on the right adopt triumphant language such as “scores major victory” and “big beautiful bill,” portraying the legislation as a historic achievement fueling economic growth and party strength, often accusing Democrats of obstruction.

Media landscape

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Key points from the Left

  • The U.S. Senate passed President Donald Trump's agenda bill with a vote of 50-50, with Vice President JD Vance casting the tie-breaking vote.
  • Sens. Thom Tillis, Rand Paul, and Susan Collins voted against the bill, raising concerns over its Medicaid cuts and spending levels.
  • Sen. Lisa Murkowski switched her vote to 'yes' after receiving specific concessions for her state of Alaska.
  • The bill will now head to the House, which previously passed a different version, creating uncertainty about its final approval.

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Key points from the Center

  • Republicans in the U.S. Senate narrowly passed President Trump's 'One Big Beautiful Bill Act' on Tuesday after over 24 hours of debate and a tie-breaking vote by Vice President JD Vance.
  • The bill arose from President Trump's deadline of July 4 to pass a major tax and spending package amid internal GOP divisions and opposition from some Republicans and Democrats.
  • The legislation makes permanent the 2017 Trump tax cuts, includes $350 billion for border security funded partly by immigrant fees, and cuts $1.2 trillion mainly from Medicaid and food stamps through stricter work and eligibility rules.
  • The Congressional Budget Office estimates the bill will add nearly $3.3 trillion to the deficit over a decade and increase the uninsured population by 11.8 million by 2034, while House opposition warns Medicaid cuts could jeopardize final passage.
  • The bill now returns to the House, where further resistance and amendments complicate efforts to meet the July 4 deadline, reflecting continued GOP disagreements and criticism from fiscal conservatives and Democrats.

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Key points from the Right

  • The Senate passed the 'One Big, Beautiful Bill' in a 51-50 vote, facilitated by Vice President JD Vance, allowing President Donald Trump to reach his legislative goals before July 4.
  • The bill includes tax cuts, increased defense spending, military funding, and Medicaid reforms, but faced opposition from House lawmakers and some Senate Republicans.
  • Every Senate Democrat, led by Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, voted against the bill, while three Republicans also voted against it, citing concerns over its Medicaid reforms.
  • The bill now heads to the House, where passage is uncertain due to opposition from both moderate and conservative Republicans.

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