What’s affected in partial government shutdown?


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Summary

Partial government shutdown begins

A partial government shutdown started after Congress failed to pass a funding package, even after hours of negotiations.

OMB memo

The Office of Management and Budget sent out a memo on Friday telling affected agencies to execute plans for an "orderly shutdown."

Some agencies still funded

Congress already passed legislation to fund other agencies, such as the Justice Department, Veterans Affairs, Department of Agriculture and Department of Energy.


Full story

A partial government shutdown is still in effect, even after the Senate approved a plan to fund the government after hours of negotiations. This funding package still needs approval from the House of Representatives, though — which isn’t set to be in session until Monday.

The Office of Management and Budget sent out a memo Friday evening telling affected agencies to execute plans for an “orderly shutdown.”

“Employees should report to work for their next regularly scheduled tour of duty to undertake orderly
shutdown activities,” OMB Director Russell Vought wrote. “It is our hope that this lapse will be
short. Agencies should continue to closely monitor developments, and 0MB will provide
further guidance as appropriate.”

Affected agencies are:

  • The Department of Defense
  • The Department of Homeland Security
  • The Department of Labor
  • The Department of Health and Human Services
  • The Department of Education
  • The State Department
  • The Department of Transportation
  • The Department of Housing and Urban Development

Congress already passed legislation to fund other agencies for the rest of the year, such as the Justice Department, Department of Veterans Affairs, Department of Agriculture, and the Department of Energy. According to the Internal Revenue Service contingency plan, it will use money from the Inflation Reduction Act to cover operating needs until Feb. 7.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Social Security benefits will still be given out, and Medicare and Medcaid services will continue even with a lapse in appropriations.

Because the U.S. Post Service is an independent entity that funds itself without tax dollars, its operations won’t be interrupted and post offices will remain open for business.

Analysts who spoke to ABC News predicted only minimal damage for the U.S. economy, though this depends on how long the partial shutdown lasts. Furloughed public workers who don’t get paid could lead to a loss in consumer spending, they noted, which could be recovered when workers get their backpay.

“There is no upside to the economy of a partial government shutdown, but any downside will be on the margin,” Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics, said to the outlet.

Why is the shutdown happening?

Senators voted 71-29 on a funding package that approves five appropriation bills, with funding through September, and a two-week stopgap for DHS. The stopgap funds DHS at its current level as Congress continues to debate Democrats’ proposals for the department.

This vote came after Senate Democrats refused to vote on an originally proposed bill, which included funding for the Department of Homeland Security. Democrats said they want to see new guardrails on immigration enforcement before they would approve more funding, especially after recent fatal shootings by federal agents.

While the Senate beat the deadline to prevent a shutdown, House members are still on recess.

House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y. said on X that the House Democratic Caucus “will evaluate the spending legislation on its merits and then decide how to proceed legislatively.”

“Our commitment is to protect the health, safety and economic well-being of the American people at all times,” he said. “Taxpayer dollars should be used to address the affordability crisis ravaging the country, not brutalize and kill American citizens. The Trump administration must set forth an ironclad path that dramatically reforms ICE and other DHS agencies that the American people know have become lawless and heavy handed.”

Politico reported that House Speaker Mike Johnson, R-La., said in a private call to other Republican representatives that he plans to hold a vote by Monday evening.


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Why this story matters

A partial government shutdown highlights the impact of legislative gridlock on federal services and workers as Congress negotiates funding bills, with immediate effects on certain agencies and future implications for the economy and public welfare.

Government funding standoff

Disagreements over funding and policy priorities, particularly concerning the Department of Homeland Security and immigration enforcement, have led to a lapse in appropriations affecting key federal agencies.

Impact on federal services and workers

Many federal agencies face operational disruptions, with employees instructed to implement shutdown protocols. Essential benefits like Social Security and Medicaid continue, but furloughed workers may experience delayed pay.

Economic and public welfare effects

Analysts predict limited short-term damage to the economy, depending on shutdown duration, but warn of reduced consumer spending and potential strain on Americans reliant on certain federal services.

Get the big picture

Synthesized coverage insights across 34 media outlets

Context corner

Government shutdowns occur when appropriations bills that fund federal agencies are not passed by Congress in time, requiring nonessential services to pause and affecting federal employees and the public.

Policy impact

The lapse in funding temporarily halts nonessential operations for several federal agencies and delays pay for affected employees, but does not stop benefit programs like SNAP or WIC, which remain funded through September.

Terms to know

Appropriations bills: Spending bills passed by Congress to fund federal agencies annually. Furlough: Temporary unpaid leave for workers during a government shutdown.

SAN provides
Unbiased. Straight Facts.

Don’t just take our word for it.


Certified balanced reporting

According to media bias experts at AllSides

AllSides Certified Balanced May 2025

Transparent and credible

Awarded a perfect reliability rating from NewsGuard

100/100

Welcome back to trustworthy journalism.

Find out more

Bias comparison

  • Media outlets on the left de-emphasize the cause, focusing on impact and short duration.
  • Media outlets in the center attribute the shutdown to Congress's collective failure, noting a "dim mood" but detailing legislative paths for a "less painful" resolution.
  • Media outlets on the right explicitly blame "Democrats revolt over DHS funding," using terms like "failed to pass" to assign responsibility.

Media landscape

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34 total sources

Key points from the Center

  • Funding expired at 12 a.m. on Saturday, Jan 31, 2026, prompting a partial shutdown after the Senate approved a five-bill package Friday but the House returns Monday.
  • After the Minneapolis shootings, Senate Democrats demanded stripping the DHS bill and pressed for enforcement reforms including a code of conduct and ID requirements.

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Key points from the Right

  • The federal government is entering a partial shutdown again after Congress failed to finalize the annual budget by the deadline.
  • House Speaker Mike Johnson will need to secure votes from Republicans and Democrats before the government can reopen on Monday.
  • The Office of Management and Budget notified agencies to prepare immediately on Jan. 31.

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