A new report from the Brookings Institution shows the United States experienced negative net migration in 2025 for the first time in at least 50 years. The report, released Tuesday, estimated between 10,000 and 295,000 more people left the country than entered it last year.
The report said the Trump administration’s actions, including its immigration crackdown, suspending most humanitarian and refugee programs and reducing temporary visa programs in 2025 led to the drop in migration.
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The report estimates 310,000 to 315,000 people were removed from the country in 2025, only slightly above 2024’s roughly 285,000, while economists estimate roughly 300,000 deportations, below Trump administration removal totals. The Department of Homeland Security said 1.9 million undocumented immigrants “voluntarily self-deported” since January 2025.
Brookings estimates consumer spending will fall $60 billion to $110 billion across 2025 and 2026 as continued negative net migration likely weakens employment and GDP in U.S. businesses serving immigrant populations.
