India faces crucial choice: US F-35 deal or Russian-made Su-57 fighters?

• India is evaluating new fighter jet acquisitions to modernize its air force amid rising regional tensions and a shortfall in squadrons. The Indian Air Force currently operates 31 active squadrons, falling short of the approved strength of 42.
• The U.S. has proposed selling Lockheed Martin’s F-35 stealth fighter to India, but the deal’s high cost and maintenance expenses have drawn criticism.
• India is also considering Russia’s offer to produce Su-57 stealth fighters locally, with full technology transfer, as part of its “Make in India” initiative.

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India is evaluating new fighter jet acquisitions as it faces a shortfall in its air force squadrons amid rising regional tensions. The Indian Air Force currently operates 31 active squadrons, falling short of the approved strength of 42.

With China rapidly expanding its military, India is seeking reinforcements to modernize its fleet.

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What has the US proposed?

President Donald Trump announced plans to expand military sales to India starting in 2025. The plans include a potential deal for Lockheed Martin’s F-35 stealth fighter.

The aircraft, considered one of the most advanced in the world, is designed for superior stealth, speed and combat capabilities. However, the estimated $80 million per unit cost and high maintenance expenses have drawn criticism.

India has not committed to purchasing the F-35. Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri stated that the U.S. offer remains at the “proposal stage” and that no formal acquisition process has started.

How has India’s opposition reacted?

The Congress Party, India’s main opposition, has criticized the potential F-35 purchase, questioning the jet’s cost and operational effectiveness.

The party has pointed to past remarks from billionaire Elon Musk at a Trump ally, who previously referred to the F-35 as “junk” and suggested that manned fighter jets are becoming obsolete in the era of drones.

What is Russia offering?

Russia, India’s longtime defense partner, has proposed producing its Su-57 stealth fighters in India, with locally sourced components. Russian officials say the deal would include full technology transfer and could begin production as early as this year if approved.

Russia has traditionally supplied the majority of India’s military hardware. However, Western sanctions on Moscow have disrupted exports, forcing India to explore alternative options.

Indian defense officials have acknowledged that while Russia has been open to transferring technology, any large-scale agreement with Moscow could create diplomatic challenges with the U.S.

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What factors will influence India’s decision?

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government must balance cost, technological access and geopolitical alliances.

The “Make in India” initiative prioritizes domestic defense production, making Russia’s offer attractive. However, strengthening ties with the U.S. could provide strategic advantages, particularly in countering China’s growing military influence.