Esmeralda County, Nevada, one of the most sparsely populated regions in the nation, is at the center of a growing debate over a proposed solar energy project that could become the largest in North America. As the second-least densely populated county in the U.S., situated with the country’s third sunniest state, Esmeralda might seem like an ideal location for solar energy development, however, the residents of this rural community are not convinced.

The proposed solar project, if approved, would cover an area roughly the size of Las Vegas, right in the heart of Esmeralda County. At full capacity, the project could generate enough electricity to power over 5.5 million homes, nearly five times the energy needs of the entire state of Nevada.

Many residents are concerned that the construction of this solar project would lead to the loss of the county’s natural beauty, which they believe should remain untouched. The land designated for the project is largely undeveloped and was once considered for state park status.

Beyond environmental concerns, there is also apprehension about the potential social impacts of this renewable energy initiative.

The construction phase of the project is expected to take five years and would likely require a workforce that could outnumber the county’s current population. This possible influx of workers is alarming to locals who fear it could fundamentally alter the character of their isolated community.

Ultimately though, the decision on whether to proceed with the project may be beyond the control of local residents. The vast majority — about 97% — of Esmeralda County’s land is federally owned and managed by the Bureau of Land Management, including the area slated for the solar project.

Environmental groups have petitioned the government agency to designate portions of the land for special environmental protections, but these efforts have largely been met with resistance from federal authorities.